grounding of wires. These problems drew attention to weather 
dynamics. One report in Canada in 1883 stated: “It was early 
discovered that when the wind at Montreal was from the East 
or North-East, rain storms travelled from the West, and the 
stronger the land current, the faster came the rain from the 
opposite direction.” It is clear that telegraph, by providing a 
wide sweep of instant information, could reveal meteorological 
patterns of force quite beyond observation by pre-electric man.